Size: Typically ranges from 1/8 inch to 1/2 inch diameter for welding electrodes.
Grade: Common grades include E6013, E7018, and E308L for stainless steel.
Viscosity: Specialized waterproof coatings with low viscosity for ease of application underwater.
Buoyancy: Electrodes are designed to be neutrally buoyant or slightly negative to prevent floating.
Material: Carbon steel, stainless steel, or nickel-based alloys depending on application.
Water Depth: Operates up to 300 meters (984 feet) with standard equipment.
Current Type: Direct Current (DC) with reverse polarity (DCEP) commonly used.
Shielding Gas: Not typically used; flux coatings provide protection.
Tensile Strength: 60,000 to 70,000 psi for standard electrodes.
Hydrogen Content: Low-hydrogen electrodes to minimize cracking risks.
Corrosion Resistance: High for marine environments, often with additional coatings.
Welding Speed: Slower than dry welding due to water cooling effects.
Heat Input: Higher than conventional welding to counteract water cooling.
Visibility: Requires clear water or turbidity-reducing measures.
Safety: Insulated tools and hyperbaric chambers for deep welding.
